MACHINE OUTPUTS AS HEARSAY: DOCTRINAL UNCERTAINTY AND THE CASE FOR A DEDICATED EVIDENTIARY FRAMEWORK
I. Introduction A defendant’s location at the time of a crime may be established either by a GPS record authenticated through human testimony or by the independent output of an autonomous AI system. Across the United States, India, and the United Kingdom, existing evidentiary doctrine often makes it easier to admit the latter. Hearsay doctrine […]