6 November 2025

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RELIGIOUS INSTRUCTION V. RELIGIOUS EDUCATION: UNANSWERED QUESTIONS IN ANJUM KADARI – Part II

The mistake committed in Anjum Kadari The SC discussed secularism in the constitutional context, and Article 28(1).[1] It cited Aruna Roy, and DAV College to lay down a distinction between ‘religious instruction’ and ‘religious education’.[2] It stated that Article 28(1) does not prohibit imparting ‘religious education’.[3] Additionally, it relied on St. Xavier’s to declare that […]

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RELIGIOUS INSTRUCTION V. RELIGIOUS EDUCATION: UNANSWERED QUESTIONS IN ANJUM KADARI – Part I

Introduction The Supreme Court (“SC”), in Anjum Kadari v. Union of India (“Anjum Kadari”), upheld the constitutionality of the Uttar Pradesh Board of Madarsa Education Act 2004 (“Act”), overturning the decision by the Allahabad High Court (“HC”) in Anshuman Singh Rathore v. Union of India (“Anshuman Rathore”) which had found the Act violative of Article

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