December 2025

Legal and Procedural Concerns In light of the discussion in Part I, John Doe orders raise significant legal and procedural concerns, which can be described as follows: Lack of Statutory Backing One of the foremost issues is that John Doe orders are a result of judicial innovation springing from Section 151 and Order XXXIX, Rule […]

Introduction In the rapidly evolving landscape of digital content consumption, the proliferation of online platforms, peer-to-peer file sharing, and increased anonymity on the internet have posed significant challenges to the enforcement of legal rights—particularly in the domain of intellectual property (“IP”). To counter these threats, John Doe orders have come as a relief. These orders

Introduction and Position of Interventions in ICJ Proceedings Hitherto The interventions before the International Court of Justice (ICJ) have historically been rare, treated more as an exception than a norm. The ICJ Statute allows it in two narrow circumstances. Under Article 63, any State party to the treaty under interpretation may intervene and present its